Mlimi amakolola mpunga m'mudzi wa Dhundi kumadzulo kwa India.Mapanelo adzuwa amathandizira pampu yake yamadzi ndikumubweretsera ndalama zowonjezera.
Mu 2007, famu ya mtedza wa P. Ramesh wazaka 22 inali kutaya ndalama. Monga momwe zinalili chizolowezi m'madera ambiri a India (ndipo mpaka pano), Ramesh anagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza osakaniza pa malo ake 2.4 mahekitala m'chigawo cha Anantapur. kum'mwera kwa India.Ulimi ndizovuta m'chigawo chofanana ndi chipululu, chomwe chimalandira mvula yosakwana 600mm zaka zambiri.
"Ndataya ndalama zambiri polima mtedza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi wamankhwala," anatero Ramesh, yemwe zilembo zoyamba za abambo ake zimatsatira dzina lake, lomwe limapezeka m'madera ambiri a kum'mwera kwa India. Mankhwala ndi okwera mtengo, ndipo zokolola zake n'zochepa.
Kenako m’chaka cha 2017, adasiya mankhwalawo.” Popeza ndimachita ntchito zaulimi wotsitsimula monga kulima mitengo ndi zachilengedwe, zokolola zanga komanso ndalama zanga zakula,” adatero.
Agroforestry imakhudza kulima mitengo yamitengo yosatha (mitengo, zitsamba, kanjedza, nsungwi ndi zina) pafupi ndi mbewu (SN: 7/3/21 ndi 7/17/21, p. 30). feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhala ndi zinthu monga ndowe za ng’ombe, mkodzo wa ng’ombe ndi jaggery (shuga wonyezimira wofiirira wopangidwa kuchokera ku nzimbe) kuti awonjezere michere ya m’nthaka. ) ndi mbewu zina, poyamba mtedza ndi tomato.
Mothandizidwa ndi bungwe lopanda phindu la Anantapur la Accion Fraterna Eco-Center, lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi alimi omwe akufuna kuyesa ulimi wokhazikika, Ramesh adawonjezera phindu lokwanira kugula malo ambiri, ndikukulitsa chiwembu chake mpaka pafupifupi anayi.hectares.Mofanana ndi alimi zikwizikwi omwe ali muulimi wobwezeretsanso ku India, Ramesh wakhala akudyetsa bwino nthaka yake yomwe yatha ndipo mitengo yake yatsopano yathandiza kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon ku India pothandiza kuti mpweya usachoke mumlengalenga.gawo laling'ono koma lofunika.Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti ulimi wa nkhalango uli ndi kuthekera kolanda mpweya wa carbon 34% kuposa mitundu yokhazikika yaulimi.
Kumadzulo kwa India, m'mudzi wa Dhundi m'chigawo cha Gujarat, makilomita oposa 1,000 kuchokera ku Anantapur, Pravinbhai Parmar, 36, akugwiritsa ntchito minda yake ya mpunga kuti athetse kusintha kwa nyengo. .Ndipo amamulimbikitsa kuti azingopopa madzi omwe amafunikira chifukwa amatha kugulitsa magetsi omwe sagwiritsa ntchito.
Malinga ndi lipoti la Carbon Management 2020, mpweya waku India wapachaka wokwana matani 2.88 biliyoni ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi matani 45 mpaka 62 miliyoni pachaka ngati alimi onse ngati Parmar asinthira mphamvu ya solar. dziko, pamene chiwerengero chonse cha mapampu apansi panthaka akuti ndi 20-25 miliyoni.
Kulima chakudya pamene akugwira ntchito yochepetsera mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe umachokera ku ntchito zaulimi n'kovuta kwa dziko lomwe liyenera kudyetsa anthu omwe posachedwapa adzakhala ochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. .Onjezani magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gawo laulimi ndipo chiwerengero chikukwera mpaka 22%.
Ramesh ndi Parmar ali m’gulu la alimi ang’onoang’ono amene amalandira thandizo kuchokera ku mapologalamu a boma ndi omwe si a boma kuti asinthe mmene amalima. ulendo wautali. Koma nkhani zopambana za alimiwa zikutsimikizira kuti mmodzi wa otulutsa mpweya waukulu ku India akhoza kusintha.
Alimi ku India akumva kale zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo, kulimbana ndi chilala, mvula yosasinthasintha komanso kutentha kwanyengo komanso mvula yamkuntho.” Tikamakamba za ulimi wosamalira nyengo, timangonena za momwe ungachepetsere mpweya,” adatero. Indu Murthy, mkulu wa dipatimenti yoona za nyengo, chilengedwe ndi kusakhazikika ku Center for Science, Technology and Policy Research, US think tank.Bangalore.Komanso dongosolo lotereli liyenera kuthandiza alimi “kuthana ndi kusintha kosayembekezeka ndi nyengo, ” adatero.
Munjira zambiri, ili ndi lingaliro lolimbikitsa ulimi wokhazikika komanso wotsitsimutsa pansi pa maambulera a agroecology.YV Malla Reddy, mkulu wa Accion Fraterna Ecological Center, adati ulimi wachilengedwe ndi ulimi wamitengo ndi zigawo ziwiri zadongosolo lomwe likupeza zambiri. ndi osewera ambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana ku India.
"Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ine ndikusintha kwa malingaliro okhudza mitengo ndi zomera pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi," Reddy adatero." M'zaka za m'ma 70 ndi 80s, anthu sankayamikira kwenikweni mtengo wa mitengo, koma tsopano akuwona mitengo. , makamaka mitengo ya zipatso ndi yothandiza, monga njira yopezera ndalama.”Reddy wakhala akuyimira kukhazikika ku India kwa zaka pafupifupi 50 zaulimi. Mitundu ina ya mitengo, monga pongamia, subabul ndi avisa, imakhala ndi phindu lachuma kuwonjezera pa zipatso zawo;amapereka chakudya cha ziweto ndi zomera zopangira nkhuni.
Bungwe la Reddy lapereka thandizo ku mabanja a alimi aku India opitilira 60,000 olima minda yachilengedwe komanso malo olima nkhalango pafupifupi mahekitala 165,000. Mawerengedwe a kuthekera kochotsa mpweya wa carbon pa ntchito yawo akupitilira. kuti njira zaulimi zimenezi zingathandize dziko la India kukwaniritsa cholinga chake chokwaniritsa 33 peresenti ya nkhalango ndi mitengo pofika chaka cha 2030 kuti ikwaniritse kusintha kwa nyengo ku Paris.mapangano ochotsera kaboni pansi pa Mgwirizanowu.
Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zothetsera, ulimi wokonzanso ndi njira yotsika mtengo yochepetsera mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide mumlengalenga. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2020 ndi Nature Sustainability, ulimi wokonzanso umawononga $ 10 mpaka $ 100 pa tani ya carbon dioxide yochotsedwa mumlengalenga, pamene matekinoloje amachotsa mlengalenga. mpweya wochokera kumlengalenga umawononga $ 100 mpaka $ 1,000 pa tani ya carbon dioxide. Sikuti ulimi wamtunduwu umamveka bwino kwa chilengedwe, Reddy adati, koma pamene alimi akutembenukira ku ulimi wokonzanso, ndalama zawo zimakhalanso ndi mwayi wowonjezereka.
Zitha kutenga zaka kapena zaka zambiri kuti akhazikitse machitidwe a agroecological kuti awone zotsatira za kuchotsedwa kwa kaboni. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwwdwa muulimi kumatha kuchepetsa mpweya. Pachifukwa ichi, bungwe lopanda phindu la International Water Management Institute IWMI linakhazikitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa ngati pulogalamu yolipira yokolola. m’mudzi mwa Dhundi mu 2016.
"Choopsa kwambiri kwa alimi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kusatsimikizika komwe kumabweretsa," adatero Shilp Verma, wofufuza za madzi, mphamvu ndi chakudya cha IWMI.Pamene alimi amatha kupopa madzi apansi m'njira yogwirizana ndi nyengo, amakhala ndi ndalama zambiri kuti athe kuthana ndi zinthu zosatetezeka, Zimaperekanso chilimbikitso choti madzi asungidwe pansi. grid," adatero. Mphamvu za dzuwa zimakhala gwero la ndalama.
Kulima mpunga, makamaka mpunga wa m’zigwa pa malo osefukira kumafuna madzi ambiri.Malinga ndi bungwe la International Rice Research Institute, pamafunika pafupifupi malita 1,432 a madzi kuti apange kilogalamu imodzi ya mpunga. Mpunga wothirira umatenga pafupifupi 34 mpaka 43. Bungweli linanena kuti dziko la India ndilo gwero lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la madzi apansi panthaka, lomwe limapanga 25% ya madzi apansi panthaka padziko lonse lapansi. Pampu ya dizilo ikatulutsa, mpweya umatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.Parmar ndi alimi anzake adagwiritsa ntchito. kugula mafuta kuti mapampu aziyenda.
Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1960, kuchotsa madzi pansi pa nthaka ku India kunayamba kukwera kwambiri, mofulumira kuposa kwina kulikonse. Izi zinayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi Green Revolution, ndondomeko yaulimi yamadzi yomwe imapangitsa kuti dziko likhale ndi chakudya m'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi 1980, ndipo likupitirizabe. mwanjira ina ngakhale lero.
“Tinkawononga ndalama zokwana 25,000 rupees [pafupifupi $330] pachaka poyendetsa mapampu athu amadzi oyendera dizilo.Izi zinali kuchepetsa phindu lathu, "adatero Parmar. Mu 2015, pamene IWMI inamuitana kuti achite nawo ntchito yoyesa ulimi wothirira wothirira ndi zero-carbon, Parmar anali kumvetsera.
Kuyambira pamenepo, alimi asanu ndi mmodzi a Parmar ndi Dhundi agulitsa zoposa 240,000 kWh ku boma ndipo adapeza ndalama zoposera 1.5 miliyoni ($20,000). Ndalama zapachaka za Parmar zakwera kuwirikiza kawiri kuchoka pa avareji ya Rs 100,000-150,000 kufika pa Rs 2000,000,000.
Kukankha kumeneko kumamuthandiza kuphunzitsa ana ake, mmodzi wa iwo akutsata digiri ya ulimi - chizindikiro cholimbikitsa m'dziko limene ulimi wasiya kuyanjidwa pakati pa mibadwo yachichepere. ndi kuipitsa kochepa ndipo amatipatsa ndalama zowonjezera.Zosakonda ndi chiyani?
Parmar anaphunzira kusamalira ndi kukonza mapanelo ndi mapampu payekha. Tsopano, pamene midzi yoyandikana nayo ikufuna kukhazikitsa mapampu amadzi adzuwa kapena akufunika kuwakonza, amapita kwa iye kuti awathandize.” Ndikusangalala kuti ena akutsatira m’mapazi athu.Kunena zoona, ndine wonyadira kwambiri pondiyitana kuti ndiwathandize pa mpope wawo wa dzuŵa.”
Ntchito ya IWMI ku Dhundi idachita bwino kwambiri kotero kuti Gujarat idayamba mu 2018 kutengeranso ndondomekoyi kwa alimi onse omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi ntchito yotchedwa Suryashakti Kisan Yojana, yomwe imatanthawuza mapulojekiti amagetsi a dzuwa kwa alimi. Ngongole zachiwongola dzanja chochepa kwa alimi za ulimi wothirira wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa.
"Vuto lalikulu paulimi wogwiritsa ntchito bwino nyengo ndikuti zonse zomwe timachita ziyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya," adatero mnzake wa Verma Aditi Mukherji, wolemba lipoti la February la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (SN: 22/3/26, p. . Tsamba 7).”Ndilo vuto lalikulu kwambiri.Kodi mumapanga bwanji chinthu chokhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri popanda kuwononga ndalama ndi zokolola?"Mukherji ndi mtsogoleri wa chigawo cha ulimi wothirira dzuwa ku South Asia, pulojekiti ya IWMI yoyang'ana njira zosiyanasiyana za ulimi wothirira dzuwa ku South Asia.
Kubwerera ku Anantapur, "pakhalanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa zomera m'dera lathu," adatero Reddy.Tsopano, palibe malo amodzi pamzere wanu omwe ali ndi mitengo osachepera 20.Ndikusintha kochepa, koma kwachilala chathu Kumatanthauza zambiri kuderali.Ramesh ndi alimi ena tsopano ali ndi ndalama zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika zaulimi.
"Pamene ndinkalima mtedza, ndinkagulitsa kumsika wapafupi," adatero Ramesh. Pano amagulitsa mwachindunji kwa anthu okhala mumzinda kudzera m'magulu a WhatsApp.Bigbasket.com, mmodzi mwa ogulitsa kwambiri pa intaneti ku India, ndipo makampani ena ayamba kugula mwachindunji. kuchokera kwa iye kuti akwaniritse kufunika kokulirapo kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba "zoyera".
"Tsopano ndili ndi chidaliro kuti ngati ana anga angafune, atha kugwiranso ntchito zaulimi ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino," adatero Ramesh.
DA Bossio et al. Udindo wa carbon nthaka mu njira zachilengedwe za nyengo.Natural sustainability.roll.3, May 2020.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0491-z
A. Rajan et al.Carbon footprint ya ulimi wothirira pansi pa nthaka ku India.Carbon Management, Vol.May 11, 2020.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2020.1750265
T. Shah et al.Limbikitsani mphamvu ya dzuwa ngati mbewu yopindulitsa.roll.roll.52, Nov. 11, 2017, Economic and Political Weekly.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-09-2022
