M'chaka cha 2011, Jonathan Cobb ndi mkazi wake Kaylyn anali ndi zomwe amazitcha "ndondomeko yosavuta." Anati atenga maekala mazana a minda yobwereketsa komanso ya mabanja m'chigawo chapakati cha Texas - malo omwe akhala akulima chimanga ndi thonje kwa zaka zambiri. - ndikupatsa "chimene akufuna."
Zomwe zimafuna, Cobb akuyerekeza, ndi chomera chachitali, monga tsinde la buluu, udzu wachikasu waku India ndi mpendadzuwa wa Maximilian, kukumba mizu yawo mu dothi lolemera ladothi, lomwe akuganiza kuti ” Kumanga kaboni ndikukhazikika pamalopo, komanso mphamvu yosungira madzi, kuyendetsa njinga zamagetsi - zonsezi zimafuna kukhala ndi malo omwe angathe kukonzanso. "
Pamapeto pake, Cobbs anaganiza zobweretsa msipu wa ziweto, kutsanzira njati zomwe zinkayenda m'madera odyetserako udzu, ndikuwonjezera zakudya ndi manyowa awo, ndi voila: ali ndi nyama yogulitsira pamene akubwezeretsa dziko lapansi, kusunga mpweya, ndi kusunga minda.
Panthawiyo, Cobb ndi Green Fields Farm yake adayamikiridwa ndi mabungwe omwe sali opindulitsa osiyanasiyana okhazikika monga chitsanzo cha ulimi wokonzanso-kwenikweni, dothi lolumikizana ndi lolumikizana lokhudzana ndi kumanga dothi labwino, losunga mpweya.Njira zobzala zonse, kuphatikizapo kubzala m'nthaka, kupewa kulima, mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kulima mbewu imodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa ndi kubzala zotchingira mphepo, zonsezi ndi njira zokulira chakudya chathanzi m'malo abwino. atha kuchotsa mbewu zachikhalidwe, zodalira mankhwala ndikukhalabe zopindulitsa.
Ngati alimi amalonda angakakamizidwe kuti asinthe, ndipo maboma angalimbikitse machitidwe obwezeretsanso ndi zolimbikitsa zabwino, ndiye ulimi ukhoza kukhala njira yothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo m'malo mowonjezera.
Kusunga 2 peresenti ya carbon m'nthaka kungabwezeretse mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mumlengalenga kukhala "otetezeka", malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina. gwirani ntchito ngati njira yothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo m'malo mokhala chowonjezera.
Zikumveka zosavuta.Nothing.Kuwonjezera ku zovuta zaulimi wokonzanso malo ambiri ndizodabwitsa kuti, m'madera ena omwe akukula, kuyesayesa kumeneku kukusokonezedwa ndi njira ina yofunika kwambiri ya nyengo:dzuwaKuzungulira Cobb, anansi awo okhala ndi minda anayamba kuchita lendi minda yawo yachonde—osati kwa alimi, koma kwa makampani oyendera magetsi oyendera magetsi oyendera dzuwa omwe sankagwira ntchito panthaŵi imene tinkafuna zambiri, osati zochepa, zolima chakudya.kubereka.
Kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kukwera msanga kwa chiwerengero cha anthu m’madera ena, kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kokulitsa ulimi wa chakudya panthaŵi imene minda yakula kwambiri;Malinga ndi bungwe la American Farmland Trust (AFT), alimi aku US adatsitsa maekala 11 miliyoni a minda kuti atukuke pakati pa 2001 ndi 2016, zomwe zitha kuyimitsa ntchito mpaka kalekale. Masabata angapo pambuyo poti bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change litulutsa kafukufuku wake wachiwiri wa nyengo mu February, omwe adawonetsa njira zochepetsera nyengo zomwe zili ndi zotsatira zoyipa zomwe sizimayembekezereka, Cobb wakhumudwitsidwa ndi chiyembekezo chake chopitilizabe pantchito yokonzanso. bizinesi ndi yokwera, komanso kuti eni minda m'dera lake akubwereketsadzuwazikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa zovuta zambiri zomwe zikubwera.
Mavuto omwe akukumana nawo paulimi - osatchulanso za kusintha kwa ulimi - akuyenera kukhala ambiri. Cobb adadutsa njira yophunzirira ndipo adalimbananso ndi achibale omwe adatsutsa kwambiri kusintha kwa ulimi womwe udalipo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti malo a m'baleyo agawidwe. .Cobb, mwini munda wa lendi, nayenso anatsutsa kusokoneza zinthu.” Bambo awo ndi agogo awo anathera moyo wawo wonse akuchotsa namsongole, ndipo ankafuna kuti [malowo] adetsedwa ndi kulilimidwa chifukwa ndi mmene ulimi wachipambano umaonekera ndi mmene umamvekera,” Cobb anatero.
Zovuta zina sizingakonzedwe.Ku Petaluma, Calif. - osati kumenyana panodzuwamphamvu - mlimi wa nkhosa ndi mbuzi, Tamara Hicks, adagula malo omwe kale anali famu yamkaka yachikhalidwe ndi cholinga choti ayambirenso kuwuma. Zili mumkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni womwe akuutcha "Breaking-Bad bad." Methadone yopezeka mu zitsanzo za nthaka;mafiriji, magalimoto, mathirakitala “okonzedwanso” m’maenje okumbidwa m’mphepete mwa mapiri;cesspools akuphulika pafupi ndi cesspools;Matayala 10,000 owunjikidwa m'zigwa kuti akhazikitse zowonongeka zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha mibadwomibadwo Nthaka yatha ndi kukokoloka chifukwa cha madyedwe. machitidwe, osachepera ena chisokonezo ayenera kuthetsedwa.
Mosakayikira, mphamvu zoyera, kuphatikizapo solar, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti tipewe zovuta zakusintha kwanyengo, kotero kuti ntchitodzuwaku US idakula 26% pakati pa 2019 ndi 2020 zikuwoneka kuti ndi chitukuko chabwino.
Mofananamo, ntchito zaulimi zotsitsimutsanso (mwachitsanzo, kusungirako) zakhala zikuvomerezedwa ndi mabungwe osapindula ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi monga Project Drawdown monga njira zowongolera zaulimi zomwe tikuchita pano, zomwe zimatulutsa matani 698 miliyoni a carbon dioxide ofanana chaka chilichonse ku United States. United States yokha imaipitsa. m'madzi, anthu opha poizoni ndi nyama zakutchire. Maphunziro a nthawi yayitali, akuluakulu akufunikabe kuti athe kuwerengera mphamvu ya malo obadwanso mwatsopano posungira mpweya wa carbon. Cobb ndi Hicks akusonyeza kuti dothi lolemera, lolimba, lomwe silimakokoloka panthawi ya mkuntho limatha kupulumuka chilala ndikuthandizira kukula kwachilengedwe.Kusiyanasiyana kuli bwino.
Komabe, “ndizosavuta kwa alimi ambiri kungosaina pamzere wamadontho ndi kulipidwa [kubwereketsa] malo awo kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu yadzuwa kusiyana ndi kuyesa zovuta zonse zaulimi wowongoka—vuto lomwe likufunika kulilumphira, "Anatero Hunter." Texas ndi mtsogoleri, koma zili paliponse, ndiye tiyenera kudziwa, mukuchita bwanji.dzuwam’njira yabwino kwa alimi, yabwino kwa nyengo, yabwino kumunda?”(Monga Washington Post Kukankhira ndi kukoka pakati pa mafakitale oyendera dzuwa ndi nonfarmland ku Texas kudachitikanso nthawi imodzi, monga nyuzipepala idanenanso koyambirira kwa mwezi uno, popeza idakhudza nkhalango yomwe akatswiri azachilengedwe amayesa kusunga.)
Si Hunter yekhayo amene akudabwa momwe angakhalire nazo zonse, malinga ndi nyengo.Malinga ndi Clean Energy Wire, Germany posachedwapa yakhazikitsa lamulo loti atsegule malo olimapo.dzuwamphamvu m’njira yolola “kugwiritsa ntchito malo opangira chakudya ndi mphamvu mofanana.” BloombergQuint inanena kuti boma lithandiza alimi kuwonjezeradzuwamphamvu ku 15 peresenti ya malo awo, ngakhale kuti kuphatikiza kumeneku ndi kokwera mtengo kusiyana ndi dzuwa lokhalokha.Anduna za ku Germany ananenanso za kufunika kosunga nthaka yaulimi kuti ikhale yachakudya.
Ku US, ma photovoltaics ofunikira kwambiri aulimi akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nkhosa, zomwe zimakhala zochepa kuposa ng'ombe motero zimatha kudyetsedwa bwino ndi nkhosa.dzuwamapanelo.
Japan yakhala ikukhazikitsa malamulo okhudza agri-PV (mwachidule, mapanelo adzuwa omwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi ulimi kuzungulira ndi pansi pake) kuyambira osachepera 2013, pomwe amafunikira zomwe zimatchedwa "kugawana mphamvu zadzuwa", zomwe ndi Kumanga mapulojekiti oyendera dzuwa. minda iyenera kuganizira zokolola zosiyanasiyana kapena zoweta. Dzikoli likuyembekeza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zaulimi ngati njira yobweretsera minda yomwe inasiyidwa kuti ikhale yolimidwa.
Ku US, Hunter adati, okhazikika pafamudzuwa"ndi danga la zotheka."Imateteza zomera ku dzuwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, imachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madzi, komanso imachulukitsa zokolola. ”Koma ikadali m'magawo oyambilira a chitukuko” ndipo vuto lalikulu pakuyigwiritsa ntchito pamlingo waukulu ndi mtengo. kuti mbewu zazitali zamtundu ngati Cobb zikule, kapena kuti ng'ombe zake zidutse pansi pawo, kapena kuti makina afamu adutse, m'pamene zimafunika ndalama zambiri. ” Anatero Hunter, ndipo zitsulo zambiri zimafanana ndi ndalama zambiri.
Ku US, photovoltaics yaulimi yowonjezera ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nkhosa, zomwe zimakhala zochepa kuposa ng'ombe ndipo motero zimatha kudyetsedwa bwino ndi ma solar panels. kulola kuti kuwala kufikire zomera zapansi panthaka, kapena kusamalira bwino mvula kotero kuti ifike kunthaka pamalo oyenera—osatchulanso kumanga ng’ombe.” Tikadali pamene tifunikira kuzindikira mitundu yotchipa ndiponso yokhoza kuwonjezereka,” adatero.
Komabe, ikuphunziridwa.Ku National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ku Golden, Colorado, katswiri wofufuza za Energy-Water-Land Jordan Macknick akuphunzira zomwe amazitcha "dzuwamwayi wachitukuko womwe ungapangitse kuti nthaka yaulimi ndi nthaka ipindule ndikupereka phindu”.Pulojekiti ya NREL ya InSPIRE, yothandizidwa ndi dipatimenti ya zamagetsi, ikuphunzira za kuthekera kwa agri-PV muzomera, msipu, malo otulutsa mungu ndi ma greenhouse systems m'malo 25 m'dziko lonselo. - kuyang'ana tsatanetsatane wadzuwamphamvu yofunikira pa dongosolo lililonse ndi momwe mapanelo amakhudzira zinthu monga chinyezi ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka.
“Chimodzi mwa zopinga zazikulu zolepheretsa ulimi wowonjezereka n’chakuti anthu ambiri sangakwanitse kugula zobzala mbewu zomwe amafunikira kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka.”
Komabe, McNick amavomerezana ndi Hunter kuti mtengo ndi chotchinga chachikulu pakukwaniritsa ntchito zotere, ngakhale pali njira zina zogwirira ntchito.dzuwamapanelo kuti ziweto ndi zida zidutse, "mutha kuwonjezeranso mtunda pakati pa mizere ya sola," adatero. ndipo [ganizirani] komwe malo othirira ali ... ndipo mipanda siimayandikira kwambiri mapanelo kotero kuti simungathenso kutembenuza thirakitala - tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timakhudza ngati mlimi anganene kuti inde. ndikufuna kuchita, kapena ayi, sikuli koyenera nthawi yanga. ”
M'pofunikanso kuti makampani oyendera dzuwa aganizire mozama za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito PV yaulimi. Kwa makampani ena, agri-PV imagwirizana ndi ntchito yawo yonse yochepetsera mpweya wa carbon ndi kukonza chilengedwe. Zingathe kuchepetsedwa pamene kudyetsa nkhosa "kudula" zomera zomwe zikukula mozungulira mapanelo ndizopindulitsa, chifukwa izi zikutanthawuza kukhala zolimbikitsa zachuma kwadzuwaOpaleshoni. Komabe, Macknick akutsutsa kuti mbewu za mzera wa mafakitale zili pa malo ambiri aulimi oyenera.dzuwamphamvu, ndipo ali ndipo adzapitirizabe kukhala cholumikizira chofooka pankhani ya ulimi photovoltaics-ma solar panels ndi giant combine harvesters ndi anzawo osauka. perekani kafukufuku yemwe amathandizira momwe ulimi ungakhalire mbali yaulimi wowonjezerekawu," adatero McNick.
Momwe alimi angapangire alimi kuti apitirize kulima minda yawo kufikira atakumana ndi vuto linalake mwangozi pakati pa ulimi ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi funso lomwe likubwera. Apanso, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ndalama." anthu sangakwanitse kulipira $30,000 pa chobzala chomwe amangofunika kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka,” adatero Hicks. Iye akukhulupirira kuti kugawana zida ndi kupeza alangizi odziwa bwino omwe angathandize kusunga nthawi ndi chuma ndi njira zopangira ulimi kukhala wotchipa. Marin Agricultural Land Trust (MALT) ndi AFT's Agriculture Conservation easements kugula ufulu wachitukuko (kapena, pankhani ya AFT, imapatsa eni nthaka zolimbikitsa za msonkho kuti asiye ufulu wachitukuko) kuchokera kwa eni minda ndikuziletsa, kuwonetsetsa kuti malowo alimidwa kwamuyaya. ;mwachitsanzo, izi zimapatsa alimi ndalama kuti awonjezere zokolola zamtengo wapatali ku ntchito zawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yake ya MALT, Hicks anamanga mafuta otsekemera ndikukulitsa nkhokwe yake.
Ku Texas, Cobb sankadziwa kuti apitiriza kulima mindayo mpaka liti. Kuwonjezera pa mavutowo, makolo ake akhala akuganiza zobwereketsa gawo lina la famuyo.” Sakufuna kutero, koma ndalama zimene amapeza n'zochepa. atakhazikika," Cobb adatero. "Ngati ayika maekala 80dzuwa, akhoza kupanga $50,000 pachaka.Koma zimenezi zikanandilanda malo anga okwana maekala 80.”Kutayika kumeneko kukanakhala kwakukulu kuposa momwe kumawonekera papepala.
"Mlimi yemwe wapuma pantchito, chidziwitso chochuluka chomwe munthu mmodzi ali nacho sichikupezekanso kulima, ngakhale [kutaya] nthaka," adatero Hunter.dzuwamapanelo atha kuchotsedwa ndipo mutha kulimanso [munda].Koma chidziwitso, anthu ammudzi, zomangamanga ngati theka la anansi anu agulitsidwa ndipo palibe paliponse kuti mubweretse mankhwala anu tsopano, chabwino, ndilo vuto lalikulu.Tiyenera kuyamba kukambirana mozama kwambiri zamalondawa. ”
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Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-28-2022
