Mayiko ambiri aku US atsimikiza kuti magetsi adzuwa, mphepo ndi mphamvu zina zongowonjezwdwa sizingakhale zokwanira kusunga magetsi chifukwa akufuna kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mafuta.
PROVIDENCE, RI - Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukakamiza mayiko a US kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyaka, ambiri atsimikiza kuti dzuwa, mphepo ndi mphamvu zina zowonjezera sizingakhale zokwanira kuti zinthu zipite patsogolo.
Pamene mayiko akusintha kuchoka ku malasha, mafuta ndi gasi kuti achepetse mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndikupewa zovuta kwambiri za kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ikutuluka ngati njira yothetsera vuto. Gates akupanga ma reactor ang'onoang'ono, otsika mtengo kuti aziwonjezera magetsi m'madera aku US
magetsi oyendera dzuwa
Mphamvu ya nyukiliya ili ndi mavuto akeake, makamaka zinyalala zotulutsa ma radio zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa zaka masauzande. kutulutsa mafuta oyaka.
Jeff Lyash, pulezidenti ndi CEO wa Tennessee Valley Authority, ananena momveka bwino kuti: Palibe kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mpweya wa carbon popanda mphamvu ya nyukiliya.
"Pakadali pano, sindikuwona njira yomwe ingatifikitse popanda kusunga zombo zamakono ndikumanga zida zatsopano za nyukiliya," adatero Lyash. ”
TVA ndi bungwe la federal lomwe limapereka magetsi ku mayiko asanu ndi awiri ndipo ndilo jenereta yachitatu yaikulu kwambiri yamagetsi ku United States. Idzawonjezera pafupifupi ma megawati 10,000 a mphamvu ya dzuwa pofika 2035-yokwanira mphamvu pafupifupi nyumba 1 miliyoni pachaka-komanso imagwira ntchito zitatu. malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ndikukonzekera kuyesa makina ang'onoang'ono ku Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Pofika m'chaka cha 2050, akuyembekeza kuti azitha kutulutsa mpweya wopanda ziro, kutanthauza kuti palibe mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe umapangidwa kuposa momwe umachotsedwa mumlengalenga.
Kafukufuku wa bungwe la Associated Press okhudza mfundo za mphamvu za magetsi m’maiko onse 50 ndi ku District of Columbia anapeza kuti anthu ambiri (pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse) amakhulupirira kuti mphamvu ya nyukiliya ithandiza m’malo mwa mafuta oyaka mafuta m’njira ina. Kukula koyamba kwa ntchito yomanga zida zanyukiliya ku United States pazaka zopitilira makumi atatu.
Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mayiko ndi District of Columbia poyankha kafukufuku wa AP adanena kuti analibe malingaliro ophatikiza mphamvu za nyukiliya muzolinga zawo zobiriwira, kudalira kwambiri mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu. m'malo osungira mphamvu za batri, kuyika ndalama m'ma gridi otumiza magetsi othamanga kwambiri, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa madamu opangira magetsi amadzi ndi ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi.
magetsi oyendera dzuwa
Kugawikana kwa mayiko aku US pazamphamvu za nyukiliya kukuwonetsa mikangano yofananira yomwe ikuchitika ku Europe, pomwe mayiko kuphatikiza Germany akusiya zida zawo ndi ena, monga France, kutsatira ukadaulo kapena akukonzekera kumanga zina.
Boma la Biden, lomwe likufuna kuchitapo kanthu mwamphamvu kuti achepetse mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, akuti mphamvu ya nyukiliya ingathandize kulipira kuchepa kwamafuta opangidwa ndi kaboni mu gridi yamagetsi yaku US.
Mlembi wa Mphamvu za US, Jennifer Granholm, adauza The Associated Press kuti boma likufuna kupeza magetsi a zero-carbon, "kutanthauza nyukiliya, kutanthauza hydro, kutanthauza geothermal, zomwe mwachionekere zimatanthauza mphepo ndi mphepo yamkuntho, kutanthauza kuti dzuwa..”
"Tikufuna zonse," adatero Granholm paulendo wopita ku Providence, Rhode Island, mu Disembala kukalimbikitsa ntchito yamphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Dongosolo la $ 1 thililiyoni la zomangamanga Biden lomwe lidachirikizidwa ndikusaina kukhala lamulo chaka chatha lipereka ndalama zokwana $2.5 biliyoni kuti ziwonetsere projekiti zapamwamba. tsogolo laulere.
Granholm adawonetsanso umisiri watsopano wokhudza haidrojeni komanso kugwira ndi kusunga mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide usanatulutsidwe mumlengalenga.
Zida za nyukiliya zakhala zikugwira ntchito modalirika komanso zopanda mpweya kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo zokambirana zamakono zakusintha kwanyengo zimabweretsa ubwino wa mphamvu za nyukiliya patsogolo, adatero Maria Kornick, pulezidenti ndi CEO wa Nuclear Energy Association.
"Kukula kwa gululi ku United States, kumafunikira china chake chomwe chimakhalapo nthawi zonse, ndipo chimafunika china chake chomwe chingakhale msana wa gridiyi, ngati mungathe," adatero. nyukiliya."
Edwin Lyman, mkulu wa chitetezo cha mphamvu ya nyukiliya ku Union of Concerned Scientists, anati luso la nyukiliya likadali ndi ngozi zazikulu zomwe magwero ena a magetsi otsika kwambiri alibe. magetsi okwera mtengo, adatero.Iye akudandaulanso kuti makampaniwa akhoza kuchepetsa chitetezo ndi chitetezo kuti apulumutse ndalama ndikupikisana pamsika. Gululi silikutsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya, koma likufuna kuonetsetsa kuti liri lotetezeka.
"Sindikukhulupirira kuti tiwona zofunikira zachitetezo zomwe zingandipangitse kukhala womasuka pakukhazikitsidwa kapena kutumizidwa kwa zomwe zimatchedwa kuti ma modular reactors m'dziko lonselo," adatero Lyman.
US ilibenso mapulani anthawi yayitali owongolera kapena kutaya zinyalala zowopsa zomwe zitha kukhala zachilengedwe kwazaka mazana masauzande, ndipo zinyalala zonse ndi riyakitala zili pachiwopsezo cha ngozi kapena kuukira komwe akutsata, adatero Lyman.The 2011 masoka a nyukiliya pa Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, Chernobyl, ndi posachedwapa, Fukushima, Japan, anapereka chenjezo lokhalitsa la ngozizo.
Mphamvu za nyukiliya zimapatsa kale pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya magetsi aku America komanso pafupifupi theka la mphamvu zopanda mpweya za America. Zambiri za 93 za dzikolo zili kummawa kwa Mtsinje wa Mississippi.
Mu Ogasiti 2020, bungwe la Nuclear Regulatory Commission lidavomereza kapangidwe katsopano kakang'ono ka riyakitala - kuchokera ku kampani yotchedwa NuScale Power. Makampani ena atatu adauza komitiyo kuti akufuna kufunsira mapangidwe awo. Onse amagwiritsa ntchito madzi kuti aziziziritsa pachimake.
NRC ikuyembekezeka kupereka zopangira pafupifupi theka la khumi ndi ziwiri zopangira zida zapamwamba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina osati madzi kuziziritsa pachimake, monga gasi, chitsulo chamadzimadzi kapena mchere wosungunuka. Izi zikuphatikiza ntchito ya kampani ya Gates' TerraPower ku Wyoming, malasha akulu kwambiri. -kutulutsa boma ku United States.Kwa nthawi yayitali imadalira malasha kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu ndi ntchito ndikutumiza kumayiko oposa theka.
Pamene zida zimatuluka malasha, Wyoming ikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphepo ndikuyika mphepo yachitatu pakukula kwamphepo mu 2020, kuseri kwa Texas ndi Iowa. Mphamvu za dziko kuti ziziperekedwa kwathunthu ndi mphepo ndi dzuwa. Mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ziyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi matekinoloje ena monga nyukiliya ndi haidrojeni, adatero.
TerraPower ikukonzekera kumanga chomera chake chapamwamba chowonetsera zitsulo ku Kemmerer, tawuni ya anthu a 2,700 kumadzulo kwa Wyoming, kumene malo opangira malasha amatsekedwa.
Ku West Virginia, dziko lina lomwe limadalira malasha, opanga malamulo ena akuyesera kuti athetse lamulo loletsa boma kumanga zida zatsopano za nyukiliya.
Makina achiwiri opangidwa ndi TerraPower adzamangidwa ku Idaho National Laboratory.Kuyesa kosungunuka kwa chloride reactor kudzakhala ndi phata laling'ono ngati firiji ndi mchere wosungunula kuti uziziziritsa m'malo mwa madzi.
Pakati pa mayiko ena omwe amathandizira mphamvu ya nyukiliya, Georgia akuumirira kuti kuwonjezereka kwa zida za nyukiliya "kuthandiza Georgia kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zoyera" kwa zaka 60 mpaka 80. Georgia ili ndi polojekiti yokhayo ya nyukiliya yomwe ikumangidwa ku US - kukulitsa chomera cha Vogtle kuchokera kumagulu awiri akuluakulu achikhalidwe. Ndalama zake zonse tsopano zaposa $14 biliyoni zomwe zinanenedweratu poyamba, ndipo ntchitoyi yatsala zaka zambiri.
New Hampshire ikuti zolinga za chilengedwe za derali sizingatheke popanda mphamvu za nyukiliya. Alaska Energy Authority yakhala ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'ono za nyukiliya kuyambira 2007, mwina poyamba kumigodi yakutali ndi malo ankhondo.
Bungwe la Maryland Energy Authority linanena kuti ngakhale mphamvu zonse zongowonjezedwanso ndi zoyamikirika komanso ndalama zikutsika, "m'tsogolomu, tidzafunika mafuta osiyanasiyana," kuphatikiza zida za nyukiliya komanso zoyeretsa gasi, kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika komanso kukhazikika. fakitale ya nyukiliya ku Maryland, ndipo Energy Administration ikukambirana ndi wopanga ma reactor ang'onoang'ono.
Akuluakulu ena, makamaka m'mayiko otsogozedwa ndi Democratic, akunena kuti akudutsa mphamvu za nyukiliya.Ena amanena kuti sanadalire kwambiri kuyambira pachiyambi ndipo sakuganiza kuti ndizofunikira m'tsogolomu.
Poyerekeza ndi kukhazikitsa makina opangira mphepo kapena ma solar, mtengo wamagetsi atsopano, nkhawa za chitetezo ndi mafunso osayankhidwa okhudza momwe angasungire zinyalala zowopsa za nyukiliya ndizophwanya malonda, amati.Amwe achilengedwe amatsutsananso ndi ma reactors ang'onoang'ono chifukwa cha chitetezo komanso zinyalala zowopsa. nkhawa.The Sierra Club anafotokoza iwo monga "chiwopsezo chachikulu, kukwera mtengo ndi kukayikira kwambiri".
New York State ili ndi zolinga zolakalaka kwambiri zakusintha kwanyengo m'dzikoli, ndipo gululi lamphamvu lamtsogolo lidzayendetsedwa ndi mphepo, dzuwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, adatero Doreen Harris, Purezidenti ndi CEO wa New York State Energy Research and Development Authority.
Harris adati akuwona tsogolo loposa nyukiliya, kutsika kuchokera pafupifupi 30% ya mphamvu zosakanikirana ndi boma lero mpaka pafupifupi 5%, koma boma lidzafunika kusungirako batire lapamwamba, lokhalitsa komanso njira zina zoyeretsera monga mafuta a hydrogen.
Nevada imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya pambuyo pa dongosolo lolephera kusunga malonda a boma omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mafuta a nyukiliya ku Yucca Mountain.Akuluakulu kumeneko sawona mphamvu ya nyukiliya ngati njira yotheka.M'malo mwake, amawona kuthekera kwa teknoloji ya batri yosungiramo mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya geothermal.
"Nevada imamvetsetsa bwino kuposa mayiko ena ambiri kuti luso la zida za nyukiliya lili ndi vuto lalikulu la moyo," adatero David Bozien, mkulu wa Ofesi ya Mphamvu ya Nevada Governor of Energy, m'mawu ake. .”
California ikukonzekera kutseka malo ake omaliza opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya, Diablo Canyon, mu 2025 pomwe ikusintha mphamvu zotsika mtengo zongowonjezera mphamvu kuti igwiritse ntchito gridi yake pofika 2045.
Malinga ndi boma, akuluakulu a boma amakhulupirira kuti ngati California ipitirizabe kukula kwa magetsi abwino pa "mbiri ya zaka 25 zikubwerazi," kapena kumanga pafupifupi 6 gigawatts zatsopano zosungirako dzuwa, mphepo ndi mabatire pachaka, akuluakulu amakhulupirira kuti akhoza kukwaniritsa cholingachi.chikalata chokonzekera.California imatumizanso magetsi opangidwa m'mayiko ena monga gawo la gridi ya kumadzulo kwa US.
Okayikira amakayikira ngati dongosolo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ku California lidzagwira ntchito m'dera la anthu pafupifupi 40 miliyoni.
Kuchedwetsa kupuma kwa Diablo Canyon mpaka 2035 kungapulumutse California $ 2.6 biliyoni mu ndalama zamagetsi zamagetsi, kuchepetsa mwayi wa kuzimitsidwa ndi mpweya wochepa wa mpweya, kafukufuku wa asayansi ku yunivesite ya Stanford ndi MIT anamaliza. Steven Chu adati US sinakonzekere mphamvu zongowonjezera 100 peresenti posachedwa.
Iye anati: “Zidzakhala pamene mphepo siomba ndipo dzuŵa siliwala,” iye anatero.” Ndipo tidzafunika mphamvu ina imene tingayatse ndi kutumiza mwa kufuna kwathu.Izi zikusiya njira ziwiri: mafuta oyambira pansi kapena nyukiliya. ”
Koma California Public Utilities Commission inanena kuti kupitirira 2025, Diablo Canyon ingafunike "kukweza zivomezi" ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe ozizira omwe angawononge ndalama zoposa $ 1 biliyoni. Mneneri wa Commission Terrie Prosper adati ma megawatts a 11,500 a mphamvu zatsopano zoyera adzabwera pa intaneti ndi 2026 kukwaniritsa zosowa zanthawi yayitali za boma.
Jason Bordorf, woyambitsa nawo dean wa Columbia Climate Institute, adati ngakhale dongosolo la California "ndizotheka mwaukadaulo," akukayika chifukwa cha zovuta zopanga mphamvu zamagetsi zongowonjezedwanso mwachangu.kugonana.Bardoff adanena kuti pali "zifukwa zabwino" zoganizira zowonjezera moyo wa Dark Canyon kuti muchepetse mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wotuluka mofulumira.
"Tiyenera kuphatikiza mphamvu ya nyukiliya m'njira yomwe imavomereza kuti ilibe zoopsa.Koma kuopsa kolephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zathu zanyengo kumaposa kuphatikizika kwa zida zanyukiliya mu mphamvu ya zero-carbon energy,” adatero.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-22-2022
